May 25, 2015 · Tutorial how to trigger Tasker action and make recording when motion detected by tinyCam Monitor PRO on monitoring IP cameras in background. Tasker (paid app)... Mar 16, 2021 · Thanks for the quick response. I did read the docs. That is how I have come to try this. I obviously didn’t understand them fully though. I also followed the spotify links but didn’t understand fully the coding as they weren’t specifically referring to the HA app. The intent, com.spotify.music.MainActivity came from Fully Kiosk which uses intents to launch apps and works from Fully so I ... In the end I used Tasker to create the curl command, save it as a file, move it to the appropriate Termux folder (you need root for this) and then run it in Termux. Not the most efficient but it works. YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo is quite fast But I am still figuring out how to trigger a YO from Tasker My final goal is Pebble -> PebbleRemote -> Tasker -> YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo All this to turn lights ON/OFF from my pebble without ROOTing, having a PC ON running a shell script, or waiting 15 minutes if I use Tasker -> Calendar -> IFTTT Yes you can, I do it with Tinycam Monitor Pro with Foscams and a few other brands. Basically, I setup IFTTT to send a webhook to Join which triggers tasker to cast the camera to a set device which could be a google home hub since it acts like a chromecast. You cannot send multi-camera live feed though since Tinycam only offers casting of select ... - Added Tasker command to start/stop live streaming. - Added Tasker command to start Picture-in-Picture. - Added Arlo cameras support (video + Arlo cloud). - Fixed reliability of starting some tinyCam tasks from Tasker on Android 10.0. "Display over other apps" permission should be requested. - Fixed Yi cameras reconnection. Apr 10, 2023 · The GET method requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should only retrieve data. The HEAD method asks for a response identical to a GET request, but without the response body. The POST method submits an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in state or side effects on the server. Does the Tasker version of Javascript support the new Fetch command? I couldn't get it to work so I switched back to using XmlHttpRequest. Yes the fetch () function does work, but you need to uncheck Auto Exit in the action and manually call exit () in your JavaScript after you handle the response. This let's you use asynchronous methods like ... tinyCam Monitor · Feb 3, 2021 · Hey Everyone, We have added a few features that are currently available in the latest Beta version of the app, if you don’t see some of the below features check that you have the latest beta per GitHub. As of this post you want to be on at least beta-573. There are a couple of features that are currently in beta and also been released to help you further integrate other apps from your ... I am trying to execute a long java prg, using dalvikvm -cp classes.dex <classname> (and a bunch of other no-busybox no-root commands in an sh) I use the "execute shell command" option of tasker, which serves the purpose gracefully. Only that, since the actions are executed sequentiallly, and I assume tasker stores the value of stdout and stderr ... line <Buffer> Line of ASCII text, in NSS SSLKEYLOGFILE format.; tlsSocket <tls.TLSSocket> The tls.TLSSocket instance on which it was generated.; The keylog event is emitted when key material is generated or received by a connection managed by this agent (typically before handshake has completed, but not necessarily). Aug 23, 2021 · Now that I am retired, my intentions are, among many things, to get TinyCam Pro working with my Wyze setup. iPadOS 14.7.1 TinyCam Pro 1.0.5 TCP recognizes the cameras by UID. I select one, and TCP wants the password. What password does TCP want? No matter what I enter I get a message Wrong Password. I have spent too much time on this. No Google or Wyze forum search has information this basic. Feb 8, 2018 · If I try, I don’t even get as far as a 401 because Tasker cannot parse the URL. My experience was similar in Fiddler. In the end, I got a workable solution by intercepting a request from my browser and copying the authentication header into a cURL command. This is probably preferable to storing my password in plain text on my phone anyway. I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then tinyCam PRO 14.2 introduces RTMP server live streaming. It can take any camera source, e.g. internal Android camera or any supported IP camera (Wyze, ONVIF, etc.) and push video to RTMP server. KNOWN LIMITATION: Supports only H.264 cameras (no re-encoding at the moment). Video only (no audio). Feb 8, 2018 · If I try, I don’t even get as far as a 401 because Tasker cannot parse the URL. My experience was similar in Fiddler. In the end, I got a workable solution by intercepting a request from my browser and copying the authentication header into a cURL command. This is probably preferable to storing my password in plain text on my phone anyway. File (s) will be saved in Tasker folder. Task: Get Shell Commands Help A1: Variable Set [ Name: %destination_path To: Tasker Max Rounding Digits: 3 ] A2: Run Shell [ Command: toybox --version Timeout (Seconds): 0 Store Output In: %toybox_version Use Global Namespace: On Continue Task After Error:On ] A3: If [ %err Set ] A4: Flash [ Text ... Does the Tasker version of Javascript support the new Fetch command? I couldn't get it to work so I switched back to using XmlHttpRequest. Yes the fetch () function does work, but you need to uncheck Auto Exit in the action and manually call exit () in your JavaScript after you handle the response. This let's you use asynchronous methods like ... Getting Started With requests. Let’s begin by installing the requests library. To do so, run the following command: $ pip install requests. If you prefer to use Pipenv for managing Python packages, you can run the following: $ pipenv install requests. Once requests is installed, you can use it in your application. I am trying to execute a long java prg, using dalvikvm -cp classes.dex <classname> (and a bunch of other no-busybox no-root commands in an sh) I use the "execute shell command" option of tasker, which serves the purpose gracefully. Only that, since the actions are executed sequentiallly, and I assume tasker stores the value of stdout and stderr ... - Added Tasker command to start/stop live streaming. - Added Tasker command to start Picture-in-Picture. - Added Arlo cameras support (video + Arlo cloud). - Fixed reliability of starting some tinyCam tasks from Tasker on Android 10.0. "Display over other apps" permission should be requested. - Fixed Yi cameras reconnection. I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then First you can start/stop floating windows via Tasker. PiP windows can be started as well via Tasker. To start PiP start activity "com.alexvas.dvr.activity.LiveViewActivity" with "com.alexvas.dvr.intent.extra.PIP" set to true. tinyCam Monitor · fishbit
Jan 8, 2021 · Go to SwitchBot app Profile – Preferences and tap 10 times on App Version. It will generate the token for you. You will need this token to authenticate your requests. To make it easier, save the token as a global variable (and turn on persistent context) with global.set("SwitchBotAPI", "token"). 1 blue iris trigger send a pushover notification via batch file to firetv 2 tasker on my firetv interpret the notification 3 tasker launch floating window tinycam If this can be done with native API, that would be pretty cool Have IP cameras and want to make Tasker actions when motion detected? Use tinyCam Monitor PRO which has Tasker plugin. Checkout this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Opkj-uopSg. tinyCam Monitor PRO (paid app) https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.alexvas.dvr.pro Hi there, first of thanks for this awesome app. I'm using TC pro to display a rtsp feed from my entrance cam on a wall mounted tablet when someone… This method allows sending several HTTP methods through HTTP/HTTPS and receiving response. Currently supported are GET, POST, PUT, HEAD and DELETE. HTTP.Request also exposes a few additional aspects of the HTTP request being made: Can specify timeout for the operation -- seconds of inactivity which will abort the operation; Can specify request ... Dec 12, 2020 · Here is how I fixed the 2FA pup-up issue for my TinyCam with Wyze cam v3. Use “Scan network” option to add the Wyze cam to TinyCam. the “Add IP camera …” option will have issue with 2FA at least for me. it would be easier to identify your Wyze cam in the network scan result if you know the IP address assigned your Wyze cam. Feb 8, 2018 · If I try, I don’t even get as far as a 401 because Tasker cannot parse the URL. My experience was similar in Fiddler. In the end, I got a workable solution by intercepting a request from my browser and copying the authentication header into a cURL command. This is probably preferable to storing my password in plain text on my phone anyway. Yes you can, I do it with Tinycam Monitor Pro with Foscams and a few other brands. Basically, I setup IFTTT to send a webhook to Join which triggers tasker to cast the camera to a set device which could be a google home hub since it acts like a chromecast. You cannot send multi-camera live feed though since Tinycam only offers casting of select ... May 29, 2020 · I used the APK extractor app on my tablet to get the apk files. And used the Windows adblink application to upload the apk files to the FireTV stick. And then used the Downloader app on the FireTV stick to install the apk files. In Tasker I created new profile(s) and task(s) to use the TinyCam Pro plugin for Picture in Picture. Oct 29, 2012 · New search experience powered by AI. Stack Overflow is leveraging AI to summarize the most relevant questions and answers from the community, with the option to ask follow-up questions in a conversational format. capital one espanol
Oct 29, 2012 · New search experience powered by AI. Stack Overflow is leveraging AI to summarize the most relevant questions and answers from the community, with the option to ask follow-up questions in a conversational format. tinyCam Monitor · Mar 13, 2018 · Adding Join Custom Commands. There are few options to modify: Name – self-explanatory. Icon – any publicly available URL. Command – your “ command=:=data1=:=data2 ” in that form. Prompt Text – additional popup where you can cancel or modify your command. Select Devices – pick the targeted devices. Note that you can actually push ... Chances are what you want to do (now or other stuff in the future) requires a lot more work. In some cases you need to send in initial request to the server, wait for a response, parse the response for cookies or a specific key, then request the desired file/data with cookies and/or keys obtained previously. Port forwarding forwards all traffic from your private camera to external network, e.g. from 192.168.0.3:8080 to your_external_ip:8080 . Read the router manual for how to do that or contact your system network administrator. Enter your external IP address and port number in tinyCam Monitor when you've done. You can also use a free step-by-step ... Setup the camera in tinycam pro on the shield Set tinycam pro to do floating window Install Tasker and MQTT plugin In the MQTT plugin enter server details and create subscriptions for things you'll react to in tasker Setup tasker to listen for the MQTT events and create actions based off that Aug 10, 2023 · tinyCam Monitor is the best app for remote surveillance, control and digital video recording for your private or public network or IP cameras, video encoders and DVRs. tinyCam Monitor is the free, ad-supported version of tinyCam Monitor PRO. Features of tinyCam Monitor: - H.264 codec support for Foscam and Amcrest cameras. In the end I used Tasker to create the curl command, save it as a file, move it to the appropriate Termux folder (you need root for this) and then run it in Termux. Not the most efficient but it works. Aug 24, 2015 · With version 6.2, the developer has added in an internal web server that lets users record video on one device and remotely access them from another. For someone who already has multiple Android ... egg car game
Getting Started With requests. Let’s begin by installing the requests library. To do so, run the following command: $ pip install requests. If you prefer to use Pipenv for managing Python packages, you can run the following: $ pipenv install requests. Once requests is installed, you can use it in your application. Mar 16, 2021 · Thanks for the quick response. I did read the docs. That is how I have come to try this. I obviously didn’t understand them fully though. I also followed the spotify links but didn’t understand fully the coding as they weren’t specifically referring to the HA app. The intent, com.spotify.music.MainActivity came from Fully Kiosk which uses intents to launch apps and works from Fully so I ... Aug 24, 2015 · With version 6.2, the developer has added in an internal web server that lets users record video on one device and remotely access them from another. For someone who already has multiple Android ... App Link:https://amzn.to/2ObmLC0This video shows you how to use the TinyCam app to control your Wink powered Smart Home by using the Wink Tasker app created ... Apr 10, 2023 · GET. The HTTP GET method requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should only be used to request data (they shouldn't include data). Note: Sending body/payload in a GET request may cause some existing implementations to reject the request — while not prohibited by the specification, the semantics are undefined. You can use the HTTP GET request with Tasker and TinyCam to create a task that will automatically stream live video from your device to a remote server. To do this, you will need to create a Task in Tasker that includes the following steps: I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then tinyCam Monitor · All groups and messages ... ... When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then. - wait 20 seconds (wait for no movement would be even better, but don't know how) Aug 10, 2023 · tinyCam Monitor is the best app for remote surveillance, control and digital video recording for your private or public network or IP cameras, video encoders and DVRs. tinyCam Monitor is the free, ad-supported version of tinyCam Monitor PRO. Features of tinyCam Monitor: - H.264 codec support for Foscam and Amcrest cameras. Port forwarding forwards all traffic from your private camera to external network, e.g. from 192.168.0.3:8080 to your_external_ip:8080 . Read the router manual for how to do that or contact your system network administrator. Enter your external IP address and port number in tinyCam Monitor when you've done. You can also use a free step-by-step ... 1 blue iris trigger send a pushover notification via batch file to firetv 2 tasker on my firetv interpret the notification 3 tasker launch floating window tinycam If this can be done with native API, that would be pretty cool I am trying to execute a long java prg, using dalvikvm -cp classes.dex <classname> (and a bunch of other no-busybox no-root commands in an sh) I use the "execute shell command" option of tasker, which serves the purpose gracefully. Only that, since the actions are executed sequentiallly, and I assume tasker stores the value of stdout and stderr ... Aug 10, 2023 · Monitor your baby, pet, home, business, traffic, and weather remotely and securely. tinyCam Monitor provides best value to customers. Buy now to get more features in future for free! - Intuitive interface. - MJPEG/H264/H265/RTSP for many IP cameras, e.g. Foscam, Amcrest. - ONVIF Profile S 12,000+ cameras support including cheap Chinese IP cameras. Nov 18, 2020 · I have some HTTP request working with fine with Tasker on my to do some things for me. I want to use some of these request with Automagic for Android so I can have some shortcuts on my wear os watch. I have the task in tasker setup with following which works perfectly: Check if there is a newer version available for Tasker via 'r/Tasker' subreddit. The task will post a notification, if there is any update available. Use 'Download' button on the notification to open the download link in your browser. kennedy space center map
Yes you can, I do it with Tinycam Monitor Pro with Foscams and a few other brands. Basically, I setup IFTTT to send a webhook to Join which triggers tasker to cast the camera to a set device which could be a google home hub since it acts like a chromecast. You cannot send multi-camera live feed though since Tinycam only offers casting of select ... Dec 12, 2020 · Here is how I fixed the 2FA pup-up issue for my TinyCam with Wyze cam v3. Use “Scan network” option to add the Wyze cam to TinyCam. the “Add IP camera …” option will have issue with 2FA at least for me. it would be easier to identify your Wyze cam in the network scan result if you know the IP address assigned your Wyze cam. App Link:https://amzn.to/2ObmLC0This video shows you how to use the TinyCam app to control your Wink powered Smart Home by using the Wink Tasker app created ... I am trying to do a http request post to a website using tasker but it is not working. site: post: url= I have tried different combinations with … Press J to jump to the feed. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Chances are what you want to do (now or other stuff in the future) requires a lot more work. In some cases you need to send in initial request to the server, wait for a response, parse the response for cookies or a specific key, then request the desired file/data with cookies and/or keys obtained previously. - Added Tasker command to start/stop live streaming. - Added Tasker command to start Picture-in-Picture. - Added Arlo cameras support (video + Arlo cloud). - Fixed reliability of starting some tinyCam tasks from Tasker on Android 10.0. "Display over other apps" permission should be requested. - Fixed Yi cameras reconnection. Nov 16, 2017 · Go to App Settings - Developer Settings and enable background mode. Here is demo of tinyCam running on Fire TV 2nd Gen as DVR (recording on motion) in background mode. It is very stable and runs for months without any reboot. https://demo.tinycammonitor.com:8083/. username: demo. Check if there is a newer version available for Tasker via 'r/Tasker' subreddit. The task will post a notification, if there is any update available. Use 'Download' button on the notification to open the download link in your browser. YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo is quite fast But I am still figuring out how to trigger a YO from Tasker My final goal is Pebble -> PebbleRemote -> Tasker -> YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo All this to turn lights ON/OFF from my pebble without ROOTing, having a PC ON running a shell script, or waiting 15 minutes if I use Tasker -> Calendar -> IFTTT Have IP cameras and want to make Tasker actions when motion detected? Use tinyCam Monitor PRO which has Tasker plugin. Checkout this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Opkj-uopSg. tinyCam Monitor PRO (paid app) https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.alexvas.dvr.pro Does the Tasker version of Javascript support the new Fetch command? I couldn't get it to work so I switched back to using XmlHttpRequest. Yes the fetch () function does work, but you need to uncheck Auto Exit in the action and manually call exit () in your JavaScript after you handle the response. This let's you use asynchronous methods like ... I'd like to take tasker out of the equation and trigger a tinycam floating window directly using a URL sent from blue iris upon motion detection. Reason I want to get rid of tasker is that it doesn't play nice on firetv line <Buffer> Line of ASCII text, in NSS SSLKEYLOGFILE format.; tlsSocket <tls.TLSSocket> The tls.TLSSocket instance on which it was generated.; The keylog event is emitted when key material is generated or received by a connection managed by this agent (typically before handshake has completed, but not necessarily). Apr 7, 2019 · The above command includes addition of “-X POST” between the curl command and the url. What is does is indicate that you wish to create a custom request method as opposed to the default GET ... Nov 16, 2017 · Go to App Settings - Developer Settings and enable background mode. Here is demo of tinyCam running on Fire TV 2nd Gen as DVR (recording on motion) in background mode. It is very stable and runs for months without any reboot. https://demo.tinycammonitor.com:8083/. username: demo. joseph simmonsMay 29, 2020 · I used the APK extractor app on my tablet to get the apk files. And used the Windows adblink application to upload the apk files to the FireTV stick. And then used the Downloader app on the FireTV stick to install the apk files. In Tasker I created new profile(s) and task(s) to use the TinyCam Pro plugin for Picture in Picture. Apr 10, 2023 · The GET method requests a representation of the specified resource. Requests using GET should only retrieve data. The HEAD method asks for a response identical to a GET request, but without the response body. The POST method submits an entity to the specified resource, often causing a change in state or side effects on the server. Sep 9, 2022 · The Command profiles receive HTTP messages from HE relating to various commands that can be performed on the device, such as changes in Do Not Disturb settings, screen brightness, volume, etc. HE would send these commands to the mobile device running Tasker and Tasker would adjust these settings on the device. 1- re-do the profile context to get the correct logcat entry for your device. 2- In action A2: you will need to put your Google assistant activity web address in URL category and use the Authenticate option to get your Google password to be used to parse the data from the web page. App Link:https://amzn.to/2ObmLC0This video shows you how to use the TinyCam app to control your Wink powered Smart Home by using the Wink Tasker app created ... Chances are what you want to do (now or other stuff in the future) requires a lot more work. In some cases you need to send in initial request to the server, wait for a response, parse the response for cookies or a specific key, then request the desired file/data with cookies and/or keys obtained previously. tinyCam Monitor is an Android app for remote surveillance/control for your private or public network/IP cameras, video encoders, DVRs, and webcams. Monitor your baby, pet, home, business, traffic, and weather remotely and securely. tinyCam Monitor provides best value to customers. See YouTube channel to find out how it works. 1- re-do the profile context to get the correct logcat entry for your device. 2- In action A2: you will need to put your Google assistant activity web address in URL category and use the Authenticate option to get your Google password to be used to parse the data from the web page. Hi there, first of thanks for this awesome app. I'm using TC pro to display a rtsp feed from my entrance cam on a wall mounted tablet when someone… Getting Started With requests. Let’s begin by installing the requests library. To do so, run the following command: $ pip install requests. If you prefer to use Pipenv for managing Python packages, you can run the following: $ pipenv install requests. Once requests is installed, you can use it in your application. Jan 2, 2016 · official forums - Tasker : Invoke a task from command-line and pass variable(s) and/or data to it; subreddit Tasker : Can variables be passed when a task is called from a command-line? privately to Pent, the developer of Tasker, using email; I received this reply from Pent, both through email and on forum I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then sidequest
You can use the HTTP GET request with Tasker and TinyCam to create a task that will automatically stream live video from your device to a remote server. To do this, you will need to create a Task in Tasker that includes the following steps: YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo is quite fast But I am still figuring out how to trigger a YO from Tasker My final goal is Pebble -> PebbleRemote -> Tasker -> YO -> IFTTT -> WeMo All this to turn lights ON/OFF from my pebble without ROOTing, having a PC ON running a shell script, or waiting 15 minutes if I use Tasker -> Calendar -> IFTTT Jul 5, 2022 · Make sure the app can do everything you want it to from the get-go, as the pop-ups and access requests can get annoying. Open Tasker. Hit the three-dot menu button. Select More. Jan 8, 2021 · Go to SwitchBot app Profile – Preferences and tap 10 times on App Version. It will generate the token for you. You will need this token to authenticate your requests. To make it easier, save the token as a global variable (and turn on persistent context) with global.set("SwitchBotAPI", "token"). I am trying to execute a long java prg, using dalvikvm -cp classes.dex <classname> (and a bunch of other no-busybox no-root commands in an sh) I use the "execute shell command" option of tasker, which serves the purpose gracefully. Only that, since the actions are executed sequentiallly, and I assume tasker stores the value of stdout and stderr ... This method allows sending several HTTP methods through HTTP/HTTPS and receiving response. Currently supported are GET, POST, PUT, HEAD and DELETE. HTTP.Request also exposes a few additional aspects of the HTTP request being made: Can specify timeout for the operation -- seconds of inactivity which will abort the operation; Can specify request ... Send an intent to tasker from shell, the entry task of the Intent Received event profile can run the Authentication Dialog action. The result can either be set to a global/local variable or written to a file to be read by the shell. Don't know how you are running the shell command, whether it's inside or outside tasker. Nov 18, 2020 · I have some HTTP request working with fine with Tasker on my to do some things for me. I want to use some of these request with Automagic for Android so I can have some shortcuts on my wear os watch. I have the task in tasker setup with following which works perfectly: Feb 12, 2018 · The TinyCam cloud service allows longer clips to be stored. Unlike the free WyzeCam cloud, there’s a cost of $5.99 monthly for the TinyCam cloud. So if you’re in need of longer clips on the cloud, this service will do it. How to Install TinyCam with WyzeCam. It’s not as easy as the WyzeCam app, that’s for sure. You can use the HTTP GET request with Tasker and TinyCam to create a task that will automatically stream live video from your device to a remote server. To do this, you will need to create a Task in Tasker that includes the following steps: aesopfrontline
tinyCam Monitor · I am trying to execute a long java prg, using dalvikvm -cp classes.dex <classname> (and a bunch of other no-busybox no-root commands in an sh) I use the "execute shell command" option of tasker, which serves the purpose gracefully. Only that, since the actions are executed sequentiallly, and I assume tasker stores the value of stdout and stderr ... I have a camera connected to Tinycam Pro. When there is movement, Tinycam Pro shows the camera full screen. After 20 seconds (or when no movement) I'd like tasker to stop the full-screen video and return to the home-screen. I am using the Tinycam plugin with the following setup: - When person detected, then For example, you could use the Power Menu Action action in Tasker to create Android 11 Power Menu action where you can launch an app. Instead of having a different task for each app ýou want to launch you can simply set it to send a Command like. launchapp=:=Chrome And then setup a profile with the Command event condition with the Command ... line <Buffer> Line of ASCII text, in NSS SSLKEYLOGFILE format.; tlsSocket <tls.TLSSocket> The tls.TLSSocket instance on which it was generated.; The keylog event is emitted when key material is generated or received by a connection managed by this agent (typically before handshake has completed, but not necessarily).